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The first problem with hiking in Alaska is knowing where to start. There is more wilderness here - 57 million acres - than in the rest of the US put together, but few trails and guidebooks. Vast tracts of land - including national parks as well as famously remote regions like the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - are essentially out of bounds, accessible only to hikers with an expedition mentality who are able to shoulder the expense of hiring a bush pilot. There are trails in Alaska, however, especially in the Chugach mountains near Anchorage, in Kenai Fjords National Park, and around towns such as Juneau, and the hiking and scenery even in these "tame" wildernesses matches or surpasses the best hikes I've done in the lower 48 states. This page summarizes some of the best day hikes that I found within a day's drive of Anchorage, a definition that I've stretched to include Denali National Park, since that's a justly unmissable destination for any visitor to Alaska. For orientation, the locations of these hikes are also shown on an accompanying Google map.

Harding Icefield trail, Kenai Fjords National Park

Trailhead: Harding Icefield / Exit Glacier trailhead, in Kenai Fjords National Park. The park is a short distance from the town of Seward, about 120 miles south of Anchorage.

Distance: 8 miles round trip, with about 3,000 feet of elevation to the overlook of the Icefield.

The hike to the Harding Icefield is the only real trail in Kenai Fjords National Park, but what a trail it is! This was my favorite hike in Alaska, and even if you're staying in Anchorage it's well worth driving the 120 miles or so to the park just for this hike. The drive is scenic in its own right. The upper reaches of the trail are covered in snow for much of the summer (certainly in late July when I did the hike), but the route is well marked and popular enough that this doesn't pose any particular problems - the trail is slippery in places but can be tackled without special equipment.
The trail starts at the Visitor Center near the terminus of the Exit Glacier - like so many glaciers in rapid retreat - and climbs along the side of the valley above the glacier to reach its source at the Harding Icefield. The trail is well constructed but indisputably steep, especially for the first mile and a half or so that it takes to climb above the tree line. Good views start at the 1.3 mile mark at Marmot Meadows where, on the day we did the hike, one of the eponymous critters was contentedly basking on a rock just by the trail. From there, the trail ascends to the Top of the Cliffs overlook at 2.3 miles - from where the panoramic vista of the Exit Glacier above was taken - before continuing somewhat less steeply to an emergency shelter and the icefield overlook that marks the end of the hike. An icefield makes a difficult photographic subject - a sheet of white nothingness - but when you're there in person the views of the glacier, together with the panorama of peaks in the coastal mountains and the icefield itself stretching off into the distance, are extraordinary.

Bears (both black bears and brown bears - the name given to grizzlies in Alaska) are commonly sighted in the Exit Glacier area, and we saw a number of black bears foraging in the area and crossing the snow slopes above the trail. The bears were surprisingly nimble on the snow.

Pioneer Ridge trail to Knik glacier overlook

Trailhead: The trailhead is about 4 miles along the Knik River Road, off the old Glenn Highway maybe 30 minutes drive north of Anchorage. There's a small fee for parking. The paved Knik River Road continues further up the valley, but there's no view of the glacier to be had from the road.

Distance: 9 miles round trip to the ridge, though it's possible to continue further to the South Summit of Pioneer Peak. The trail is dotted with a number of picnic table but make no mistake - it's steep! It's about 5000 feet of climbing to reach the ridge and the best views, from where the photographs above were taken.

On a wet and cloudy day this hike is good only for testing your fortitude and that of your equipment. Although the trail is well-maintained, it is steep, slippery, and punctuated by stretches of boot-sucking quagmire. Most of this is true whatever the weather, but on a clear day the outstanding panorama of peaks visible from the Pioneer Ridge more than compensates for the effort required to make the climb. Once you clear the trees and bushes that clog the lower slopes of the mountain the Knik glacier, 25 miles long and several mides wide at its terminus, dominates the view toward the high peaks at the head of the valley. It's an exceptional sight, made all more remarkable for its proximity to the city of Anchorage.


Panorama courtesy of
David Armitage

Note: from the map it's clear that an even better view of the Knik glacier would be possible if you could climb either Knik mountain or Hale-Bopp peak starting further along the valley. The road goes far enough and the climbs are said to be straightforward once you get above treeline. Access though is tricky - the land in the valley is privately owned, some of it (apparently) by survivalist types not keen on visitors...

Eielson ridge trail, Denali National Park

Trailhead: the hike starts from the Eielson visitor center in the interior of the park, at mile 63 along the park road. The road is closed to private vehicles, so you'll need to book a shuttle bus going at least far as Eielson to do this hike. Taking an early bus maximizes the chances of seeing wildlife along the way.

Distance: it's just one mile on a fairly steep trail to reach the ridge above the visitor center. It's then possible to walk for miles on informal trails (or simply across the open alpine area) in either direction along the ridge.

The interior of Denali National Park is often described as being trail-less but it's not really true - there's a formal trail up to the ridge above the Eielson visitor center and other places where informal but clear routes exist. Eielson is about as close to Mount McKinley as you can get along the park road, and from the visitor center or from the ridge the view of the mountain is incredible. When I did this hike low clouds obscured the view from the visitor center, making the appearance of the mountain as we reached the ridge all the more dramatic. The formal trail ends at the ridgeline, but it's easy to hike in either direction along the ridge and it would be quite possible to spend half a day (about all the time one has given the bus schedules) doing so. One should be aware that the mountain is frequently lost in clouds (we saw McKinley for all of about 3 hours in 4 days spent in the vicinity), so I'd advise spending some days in Denali to at least give you a fair chance of getting a view.
The bus system in Denali is simply excellent (and given the state of the road, you might not want to drive it yourself even if it were allowed!) and you can get on and off the shuttle buses almost anywhere to go for a hike. Much of the terrain - for example along the Toklat valley and near Thorofare pass - is invitingly open, and the only significant impediment to hiking is the difficulty of crossing streams. If I return to Denali, cross country hiking will be at the top of my priority list.

Portage Pass trail to Portage lake

Trailhead: The trail to Portage pass and on to the lake is close to the town of Whittier, 75 miles from Anchorage. Coming from Anchorage via Portage the trailhead comes shortly after you exit the Anton Anderson Memorial tunnel (one way and shared by cars and trains, so entertaining in its own right) - take the first right across the railroad track onto a dirt road and then a second right past a cinder block building to reach the signed trailhead.

Distance: About 4 miles roundtrip to the lake. The trail to the pass is moderately steep but well maintained, whereas the trail down to the lake is steeper and shows no sign of having seen a trail crew in many a year.

This is a short hike to a magnificent close-up view of the Portage glacier, made somewhat adventurous by the deteriorating condition (as of summer 2008) of what passes for the trail. Starting from the trailhead a good quality trail climbs briskly to Portage pass, which offers a good view of the namesake glacier and lake. The pass makes a good destination for a short and easy day hike. If you have even the slightest spirit of adventure, however, you'll want to reach the shore of the lake, which is a different matter altogether. There is a trail, but it's heavily overgrown and in danger of succumbing to erosion into a deep gully in numerous places. Good luck if you run into a bruin here! On a wet day - and Whittier is a very wet place - expect to get absolutely sodden. For all that I enjoyed this hike a lot, and having finally reached the lake we had the view all to ourselves... until that is a tour boat from down the lake showed up!

Eagle river valley trails

Trailhead: The trail starts at the Eagle Valley Nature Center, a short distance north of Anchorage. There's a fee for parking.

The Eagle River Valley is quite attractive (though not as spectacular as the Knik Valley in my opinion) and there are a variety of short loop hikes you can do in the vicinity of the Nature Center. We saw a woodpecker here, and later in the season bears congregate to fish along the river, so there's a good chance of seeing wildlife. You can hike as far as you want along the valley but be warned - it's many miles of rather tedious trudging through the trees before you get to the best views. If you want to see the glaciers at the head of the valley, you're probably better off starting at the other end of the old Iditarod trail and ascending to Crow Pass rather than starting at the Eagle Valley end.

Practicalities

It goes without saying that the main season for hiking in Alaska is summer, with late summer (toward the end of August) probably being the optimum period as far as weather, mosquitos and color goes. Summer 2008 was said to be unusually wet and cool - so my experience may be atypical - but whenever you go I'd recommend going prepared for rain. For hikes in Chugach State Park you can stay in Anchorage, which is close enough to Whittier and Seward that driving there for day hikes is straightforward. It's worth staying downtown in Anchorage, where there are a number of decent pubs and restaurants (I'd second the ubiquitous recommendations of Humpy's Great Alaskan Alehouse). Denali National Park is about 230 miles north of Anchorage. If you're at all interested in climbing it's worth making a brief detour to Talkeetna, where the climbing rangers for McKinley are based. The climbing visitors center there is in many ways more interesting than the one at the park itself. Denali is not close to any large town - you can stay either at the park entrance (where there are some large hotels and a few reasonable restaurants) or in very small places such as Healy a few miles down the road.

References

Denali National Park - start here when booking shuttle bus trips
Alaska hike search - this website has a good list of hikes throughout Alaska
Panoramic photos from Alaska, taken on the same trip described here
55 Ways to the Wilderness in Southcentral Alaska - we found this to be the most useful hiking guide

Click on the images for larger versions. Images can be used freely.